Stage 2: Define—State Your Users’ Needs and Problems
Define
During the define stage, information gathered during the empathise stage is gathered. The observations are analysed to define the core problems. The problem design must meet the requirements of users and their needs. Through literature review, research on serious games related to chemistry is conducted. The literature review was done through Scopus with the keywords games “organic chemistry” and high school; six related journal articles were found to have diverse gamification methods to teach organic chemistry. From the literature review, no board games combined technology with physical games in the past five years were developed. However, there are articles related to games using technology(Prasanson et al., 2021; Saluga et al., 2022)only or tangible games(Eastwood, 2013; MORENO & MURILLO, 2018; Triboni & Weber, 2018; Zhang et al., 2020)only. To fill this research gap, a board game that utilises technology(mobile application) and a game board were designed and developed., called the 5CH learning Board.
References
Eastwood, M. L. (2013). Fastest fingers: a molecule-building game for teaching organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 90(8), 1038-1041.
MORENO, J., & MURILLO, W. d. J. (2018). Game of Carbons: a Didactic Strategy to Teach Organic Chemistry in Order to Foster the Inclusion of High School Students with Several Disabilities. Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial, 24, 567-582.
Prasanson, P., Thanyaphongphat, J., & Pinthong, C. (2021). ISOCHEM: Development of an Interactive 3D Game on the Web in Augmented Reality to Enhance Students’ Learning of Isomers of Organic Chemistry.
Saluga, S. J., Peacock, H., Seith, D. D., Boone, C. C., Fazeli, Y., Huynh, R. M., Luo, J., Naghi, Z., & Link, R. D. (2022). Inter-Twine-d: Combining Organic Chemistry Laboratory and Choose-Your-Own-Adventure Games. Journal of Chemical Education.
Triboni, E., & Weber, G. (2018). MOL: Developing a European-style board game to teach organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 95(5), 791-803.
Zhang, Z., Muktar, P., Wijaya Ong, C. I., Lam, Y., & Fung, F. M. (2020). CheMakers: playing a collaborative board game to understand organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 98(2), 530-534.